DAS · Gen 3 / 4 / 4.5 / 5 · DAS技术代际与选型

对比第3/4/4.5/5代技术配置，辅助按场景选择产品。

DAS产品技术代际与选型对照

DAS Technology Generations and Product Selection

本文件按原产品资料的代际划分整理技术架构与选型差异。第1–3代为历史平台，第4、第4.5与第5代为当前产品平台，支持OEM或ODM配置；性能以对应型号规格书为准。
This document organizes architecture and selection differences using the generation definitions in the source product materials. Generations 1–3 are historical platforms; Generations 4, 4.5 and 5 are current platforms with OEM/ODM options. Performance follows the model-specific datasheet.

第1代 2015 Generation 1 2015

瑞利散射强度型Φ-OTDR；单路强度信号I(z,t)，无专门偏振分集，对相干衰落较敏感。用于分布式振动事件检测，低频下限约10 Hz。代表产品为早期强度型DAS，定位基础事件检测。
Rayleigh-intensity Φ-OTDR with a single I(z,t) signal and no dedicated polarization diversity; susceptible to coherent fading. Distributed event detection with a lower frequency around 10 Hz. Early intensity-based DAS for basic event detection.

第2代 2017 Generation 2 2017

单频直接检测相位型，采用相位相关与差分解调，改善强度检测的非线性，抗衰落仍有限。由事件有无向定量相位测量演进，低频下限约10 Hz。代表产品为第二代相位型DAS。
Single-frequency direct-detection phase DAS with phase correlation/differencing to improve intensity-response nonlinearity; fading suppression remains limited. Moves from event presence to quantitative phase measurement, with a lower frequency around 10 Hz.

第3代 2019 Generation 3 2019

单频相干I/Q，采用本振、90°光混频器及复信号解调，具备基础偏振补偿。提高弱信号灵敏度、动态范围及声音还原能力，低频下限约1 Hz。代表产品为第三代相干DAS。
Single-frequency coherent I/Q using a local oscillator, 90-degree optical hybrid and complex demodulation with basic polarization compensation. Improves weak-signal sensitivity, dynamic range and audio reconstruction; lower frequency around 1 Hz.

第4代 2023 Generation 4 2023

相干多脉冲干涉与融合，以多脉冲信息互补抑制相干衰落，不配置独立X/Y光学偏振分集。低频下限0.1 Hz，改善长距离连续性。系列DAS-UL10(30/50/100)，Lite、Pro与Plus+工程配置。
Coherent multi-pulse interference and fusion suppress coherent fading through complementary pulse information, without independent X/Y optical diversity. Lower frequency 0.1 Hz and improved long-range continuity. DAS-UL10(30/50/100), with Lite, Pro and Plus+ engineering configurations.

第4.5代 2025 Generation 4.5 2025

相干多脉冲与软件偏振分集，通过数字域信号质量评估、选择、加权与融合减轻偏振相关衰落，不增加X/Y光学分集硬件。低频下限0.1 Hz。系列DAS-UL10(A30/A70)，面向增强型长距离监测。
Coherent multi-pulse fusion with software polarization diversity. Digital quality assessment, selection and weighting reduce polarization-related fading without X/Y optical diversity hardware. Lower frequency 0.1 Hz. DAS-UL10(A30/A70) for enhanced long-range monitoring.

第5代 2026 Generation 5 2026

三频带与X/Y正交光学偏振分集构成六个内部复信号分支，通过相位旋转对齐、自适应加权复矢量融合，兼顾相干与偏振衰落。低频下限按0.01 Hz列示。系列DAS-UL10(N30/N70)，面向弱振动、高保真与超低频应用。
Three frequency bands and orthogonal X/Y optical diversity form six internal complex-signal branches. Adaptive phase-aligned weighted complex-vector fusion addresses coherent and polarization fading. Listed lower frequency is 0.01 Hz. DAS-UL10(N30/N70) targets weak vibration, high fidelity and ultra-low-frequency applications.

工程选型边界 Selection boundaries

六路内部解调分支不等于六个外部测量通道。所有低频下限、带宽与长距离指标均受光缆、采样、标距和信噪比影响；0.001 Hz未作为本表承诺值。不同厂家的产品不能仅按代际名称或无统一测试条件的星级作性能排名。
Six internal demodulation branches are not six external sensing channels. Lower frequency, bandwidth and range depend on fiber, sampling, gauge length and SNR; 0.001 Hz is not a specified value here. Generation names or star ratings without common tests do not establish cross-vendor performance rankings.

频率范围与光纤长度、扫描频率、标距及信噪比共同关联。100 kHz上限仅适用于满足高速采样条件的短距离配置，不表示30–100 km全长同时具有100 kHz有效带宽。常规逐点时间采样须满足奈奎斯特条件，并预留抗混叠滤波裕量。
Frequency range depends on fiber length, scan rate, gauge length and SNR. The 100 kHz upper limit applies only to short-range configurations with adequate high-speed sampling, not simultaneously across a 30–100 km fiber. Conventional per-point temporal sampling must satisfy the Nyquist criterion with anti-aliasing margin.

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